🔊 Shadowing Pacer: Describing the System
Shadowing Focus: Relative clauses. Notice who (people), which / that (things), where (places).
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«Разработчик, который написал модуль записи, на этой неделе в отпуске, поэтому мне нужно самому проверить код. База данных, которая хранит данные пациентов, работает на двух серверах, и резервная копия, которую мы сделали прошлой ночью, готова. Мы используем инструмент мониторинга, который показывает все ошибки в одном месте. Клиника, где я работаю, имеет три разные системы, и все они связаны. Пароль, который дал мне администратор, истёк вчера, поэтому я запросил новый. Отчёты, которые мы генерируем каждую ночь, отправляются руководителю отдела. Любой, кто изменяет продакшн-код, должен соблюдать правила ревью. Это система, от которой зависит вся команда.»
Record yourself, then compare with the model
🎯 Key Targets for Yuri (Recycle Focus)
1. "what" instead of "which/that"!
❌ "The system what we use is slow."
✅ "The system that/which we use is slow."
"what" = «то, что» (the thing that). It already contains the noun.
❌ "I know what system you mean." → ✅ "I know which system you mean."
2. who = people only
❌ "The server who runs the app..."
✅ "The server which/that runs the app..."
People → who. Things → which/that. Places → where.
"The clinic where I work..." (место)
📖 Grammar: Defining Relative Clauses
Combine two ideas about the same noun — who for people, which/that for things, where for places.
🏗️ Relative Pronoun Table
Pronoun
Usage
Example
who
который (о людях)
People
только люди
"The developer who wrote this module is on vacation."
"Anyone who changes the code must follow the rules."
"Anyone who changes the code must follow the rules."
which
который (о вещах)
Things, objects, systems
вещи, системы, объекты
"The database which stores patient data runs on two servers."
"The password which the admin gave me expired."
"The password which the admin gave me expired."
that
который (люди или вещи)
People OR things (most common in speech)
и люди, и вещи — разговорный стандарт
"The tool that we use shows all errors."
"The reports that we generate are sent at night."
"The reports that we generate are sent at night."
where
где (о месте)
Places
место, локация
"The clinic where I work has three systems."
"This is the folder where we keep the scripts."
"This is the folder where we keep the scripts."
(no pronoun) — object
без местоимения (объект)
The pronoun is the object — can be dropped
местоимение — объект: можно опустить
"The tool (that) we use..." — we use IT → drop "that".
"The report (that) we generate..."
"The report (that) we generate..."
Defining relative clause: noun + pronoun + clause. The clause answers "WHICH one?" — no commas needed.
🧭 Pronoun Picker
Three questions pick the right pronoun. Ask them in order.
Person → who. Place → where. Thing → which/that. That's the whole trick.
🚫 KEY RULES: Relative Clause Mistakes
Yuri's recurring errors —
"The system what we use is slow."
"The system that we use is slow." (that, not what!)
"The server who runs the app is old."
"The server which runs the app is old." (who = people only)
"I know what system you mean."
"I know which system you mean." (which = choosing one of many)
what instead of which/that, and who for things."The system what we use is slow."
"The system that we use is slow." (that, not what!)
"The server who runs the app is old."
"The server which runs the app is old." (who = people only)
"I know what system you mean."
"I know which system you mean." (which = choosing one of many)
🗺️ Game 1: Architecture Explainer
Roll the dice to pick a system component. Yuri must describe it using relative clauses — at least 3 (who / which / that / where) — within 60 seconds.
ARCHITECTURE_EXPLAINER.EXE
STATUS: READY
Roll to pick a component...
60
Scenario #1
The Booking Module
Describe the booking module to a new teammate: what it does, who uses it, where it runs.
Опишите модуль записи новому коллеге: что делает, кто использует, где работает
Scenario #2
The Database
Describe your database: what data it stores, where it lives, who manages it.
Опишите базу данных: какие данные хранит, где находится, кто управляет
Scenario #3
The Monitoring Tool
Describe the monitoring setup: which tool you use, what it shows, who gets the alerts.
Опишите мониторинг: какой инструмент, что показывает, кто получает алерты
Scenario #4
The Team
Describe your team: who works with you, who is responsible for each part of the system.
Опишите команду: кто работает с вами, кто отвечает за каждую часть системы
Scenario #5
The Network & Storage
Describe where your systems run and how data moves between them.
Опишите, где работают системы и как данные перемещаются между ними
Scenario #6
The Legacy Module
Describe the old module nobody wants to touch: what it does, why it's hard to change.
Опишите старый модуль: что делает, почему его сложно менять
💬 B1 Sentence Starters — describe the system
"It's the module that handles..."
«Это модуль, который отвечает за...»
"The system which stores ... runs on..."
«Система, которая хранит ..., работает на...»
"The person who manages this is..."
«Человек, который этим управляет, — это...»
"We have a tool that shows..."
«У нас есть инструмент, который показывает...»
"The data is stored in a place where..."
«Данные хранятся в месте, где...»
"The part of the system which causes problems is..."
«Часть системы, которая создаёт проблемы, — это...»
🎧 Model Answer (example speaking)
Click a scenario card to see (and hear) a model answer.
📝 Practice: Relative Clause Fill-In
Complete each sentence with the correct relative pronoun or structure. Click to reveal the answer.
1. The developer ___ fixed the bug is on vacation. 👁️
who
A person → who. The clause "who fixed the bug" tells us WHICH developer.
2. The tool ___ we use for testing is free. 👁️
which / that
A thing → which or that. (The pronoun is the object, so you could even drop it: "the tool we use".)
3. The clinic ___ I work has three systems. 👁️
where
A place → where. "The clinic where I work" = «клиника, где я работаю».
4. Combine: "This is the server. The server runs the app." 👁️
This is the server that runs the app.
Thing → that/which. Replace "the server" with the pronoun and join.
5. Correct: "The system what we use is slow." 👁️
The system that we use is slow.
Never "what" for a relative clause! Use that/which. "What" = «то, что» and contains the noun itself.
6. ___ developer who wrote this code is on vacation. 👁️
The
We know WHICH developer (the relative clause identifies him) → definite article "The".
🛠️ Game 2: Spec & Build
Yuri picks a system-building scenario and must describe components or explain the architecture using relative clauses. 120 seconds to speak.
120
Decision #1
Explain the Whole System
A new teammate asks: "How does everything work here?" Describe the full architecture.
Новый коллега спрашивает: «Как здесь всё устроено?» — опишите архитектуру
Decision #2
Where Does the Data Live?
Explain where every type of data is stored: patients, appointments, lab results, logs.
Объясните, где хранится каждый тип данных: пациенты, записи, анализы, логи
Decision #3
Explain Your Role
Describe your own role: "I'm the person who..." What do you own? What do you support?
Опишите свою роль: «Я тот человек, который...» За что вы отвечаете?
Decision #4
New Booking Flow
Design the new online booking flow. Describe each component and what it does.
Спроектируйте новый онлайн-поток записи: опишите каждый компонент
Decision #5
Who Owns Each Service?
A bug appeared. Explain who is responsible for each part of the system, and where to start.
Появился баг: кто отвечает за каждую часть системы и с чего начать
Decision #6
Explain to the Doctors
The doctors ask how lab results reach the patient portal. Describe the flow simply.
Врачи спрашивают, как результаты анализов попадают в портал пациентов
💬 B1 Sentence Starters — build your answer
"I'm the person who takes care of..."
«Я тот человек, который отвечает за...»
"This is the service that handles..."
«Это сервис, который обрабатывает...»
"The data which comes from the lab..."
«Данные, которые приходят из лаборатории...»
"The place where we store this is..."
«Место, где мы это храним, — это...»
"Everything that goes through the portal..."
«Всё, что проходит через портал...»
"The team which supports this includes..."
«Команда, которая поддерживает это, включает...»
📋 Structure Reminders:
- who: people — "the developer who wrote this" — люди
- which / that: things — "the server which runs the app" — вещи
- where: places — "the clinic where I work" — места
- Object pronoun can be dropped: "the tool (that) we use" — можно опустить
🎧 Model Answer (example speaking)
Click a decision card to see (and hear) a model answer.